Indo-China War (1962)
From 1959, India started to follow the advanced policy. Under the 'Advanced Policy', Indian patrol parties attacked the checkpoints which were captured by China in the very border of the Indian border and then captured them. Because of the emphasis that India's Mac-Mahon Line was considered the international border, there was a small conflict between the forces of India and China. However, due to friendly relations between India and China, the controversy has not caught much balance. The reason for the war was the sovereignty of the areas of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. In Aksai Chin, which has been claimed by India as part of Xinjiang by Kashmir and China, is an important road link that connects Xinjiang to Tibet and Chinese areas. Due to India's involvement in China's Tibet, the possibilities of conflict between the two countries increased further.
Upon the success of its military operations in Hyderabad and Goa, India took an aggressive approach to the border dispute with China. In 1962, the Indian Army was ordered to move forward to Thag La Ridge located near the border between Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh and 5 km north of the disputed McMahon Line. Meanwhile, Chinese troops had also infiltrated into Indian territory and tensions between the two countries reached the height when Indian forces found that China had made roads in the Aksai Chin area. After a series of talks, the People's Liberation Army of China attacked the Indian Army's bases on Thag La Ridge. India was surprised by this move of China and on October 12, Nehru issued orders to remove the Chinese from Aksai Chin. However, the lack of coordination between the various divisions of the Indian Army and the delay in the decision of the use of the Air Force gave China the opportunity to take a significant strategic and strategic edge. On October 20, Chinese soldiers attacked India in both the fronts north-west and north-eastern parts of the border and occupied Aksai Chin and a large part of Arunachal Pradesh.
When the fight went beyond the disputed territories, China invited the Indian government to negotiate, but India remained firm to regain its lost territory. Seeing no peaceful settlement, China called back its army from Arunachal Pradesh, declaring a one-sided ceasefire. There are also disputed reasons for the return. India claims that it was not possible for China to extend support to the forces present on the front, and the United States diplomatic support was also one of the reasons. While China claimed that this area is still in its possession, it had a diplomatic claim on it. The dividing line between the Indian and Chinese forces was renamed the actual Line of Control.
The weak decisions taken by Indian military commanders raised many questions. The Henderson Brooks Committee was soon formed to determine the reasons for the poor performance of the Indian Army by the Indian government soon. Report of the Committee, allegedly by the Committee of the Command of the Indian Armed Forces, has severely criticized the executive government for failing on many fronts for its failures. The committee found that the main reason for defeat was the deployment of few soldiers on the border with India, even after the fighting started, and also that the Indian Air Force responded to Indian civilian areas by targeting China to target Chinese transport lines. No permission was given for fear of attack. Most of the flaws were also given on the inefficiency of the then Defense Minister Krishna Menon. The Henderson-Brooks report is still kept confidential, despite the constant demand to make the report public.
From 1959, India started to follow the advanced policy. Under the 'Advanced Policy', Indian patrol parties attacked the checkpoints which were captured by China in the very border of the Indian border and then captured them. Because of the emphasis that India's Mac-Mahon Line was considered the international border, there was a small conflict between the forces of India and China. However, due to friendly relations between India and China, the controversy has not caught much balance. The reason for the war was the sovereignty of the areas of Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. In Aksai Chin, which has been claimed by India as part of Xinjiang by Kashmir and China, is an important road link that connects Xinjiang to Tibet and Chinese areas. Due to India's involvement in China's Tibet, the possibilities of conflict between the two countries increased further.
Upon the success of its military operations in Hyderabad and Goa, India took an aggressive approach to the border dispute with China. In 1962, the Indian Army was ordered to move forward to Thag La Ridge located near the border between Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh and 5 km north of the disputed McMahon Line. Meanwhile, Chinese troops had also infiltrated into Indian territory and tensions between the two countries reached the height when Indian forces found that China had made roads in the Aksai Chin area. After a series of talks, the People's Liberation Army of China attacked the Indian Army's bases on Thag La Ridge. India was surprised by this move of China and on October 12, Nehru issued orders to remove the Chinese from Aksai Chin. However, the lack of coordination between the various divisions of the Indian Army and the delay in the decision of the use of the Air Force gave China the opportunity to take a significant strategic and strategic edge. On October 20, Chinese soldiers attacked India in both the fronts north-west and north-eastern parts of the border and occupied Aksai Chin and a large part of Arunachal Pradesh.
When the fight went beyond the disputed territories, China invited the Indian government to negotiate, but India remained firm to regain its lost territory. Seeing no peaceful settlement, China called back its army from Arunachal Pradesh, declaring a one-sided ceasefire. There are also disputed reasons for the return. India claims that it was not possible for China to extend support to the forces present on the front, and the United States diplomatic support was also one of the reasons. While China claimed that this area is still in its possession, it had a diplomatic claim on it. The dividing line between the Indian and Chinese forces was renamed the actual Line of Control.
The weak decisions taken by Indian military commanders raised many questions. The Henderson Brooks Committee was soon formed to determine the reasons for the poor performance of the Indian Army by the Indian government soon. Report of the Committee, allegedly by the Committee of the Command of the Indian Armed Forces, has severely criticized the executive government for failing on many fronts for its failures. The committee found that the main reason for defeat was the deployment of few soldiers on the border with India, even after the fighting started, and also that the Indian Air Force responded to Indian civilian areas by targeting China to target Chinese transport lines. No permission was given for fear of attack. Most of the flaws were also given on the inefficiency of the then Defense Minister Krishna Menon. The Henderson-Brooks report is still kept confidential, despite the constant demand to make the report public.
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